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by Nancy Levack
© TSBVI 1994 - 264 pages Order # 59422LVP (20 oz.)
Also available on disk - MAC or DOS (textfile-no forms) Order # 59422LVD
Order Form/Pricelist - Windows RTF - 190k
Order Form/Pricelist - PDF - 239k

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Plan and implement programming by using these guidelines and suggestions for assessing and enhancing your student's visual functioning.

• Diagnosing, assessing, and evaluating:
  • students who are young or delayed
  • common ophthalmological terms
  • suggested assessment instruments
  • genetic counseling
• Medical information:
  • eye conditions/diseases
  • eye medications and their effects
  • physical conditions and the sensory systems
  • psychosocial implications
• Strategies for teaching and adaptations:
  • enhancing visual functioning
  • modifying instruction
  • adapting materials and environment
  • low vision devices

Contents of Low Vision: A Resource Guide with Adaptations for Students with Visual Impairments

by Nancy Levack

Purpose of the Resource Guide

• Intended Users
• Intended Student Population

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Components of Programming

• Philosophy
• The Challenge of Programming for Students Who Are Visually Impaired
• The Role of the Instructor
  • Assessment
  • Educational Programming
  • Support
• Different Student Groups and Their Programming Needs
• Programming for Students Who are Near, At, or Above Their Developmental Level
• Programming for Students Who are Significantly Developmentally Delayed
• Programming for Students Who Have Severe Cortical Visual Impairments
• Additional Readings and Resources

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Assessment

• The Assessment Process
  • Detection
  • Vision Screening
  • Examination by an Eye Specialist
  • Clinical Low Vision Evaluation
  • Functional Vision Evaluation
  • Learning Media Assessment
• The Medical Examination and Report
• Clinical Procedures
• Common Medical Terms
• Special Considerations for Successful Examinations
  • When the Students are Young or Have Developmental Disabilities
  • When the Students Are Capable of Communicating with the Doctor
• Clinical Low Vision Evaluation
• The Functional Vision Evaluation and Report
• How to Use the Functional Vision Evaluation Observation Form
• Recommended Components for the Functional Vision Evaluation Report
• Assessing Students Who are Very Young or Who Have Significant Developmental Disabilities
• The Learning Media Assessment
  • What it is
  • When a Student is Determined to be Functionally Blind
  • Guidelines for Making Decisions About Learning and Literary Media
• Genetic Counseling
• Assessing for Learning Disabilities
• Additional Readings and Resources
  • Functional Vision Evaluations
  • Functional Vision Evaluations Designed for Students Who are Multiply Impaired

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Planning, Teaching and Evaluation

• How to Choose the Tasks and Visual Skills That Need to be Taught
• Choosing the Instructional Approach
  • Visual Environment Management
  • Visual Skills Training
  • Visually Dependent Task Training
• General Guidelines for Modifying Instruction
• Evaluation
• Additional Readings and Resources

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Adaptations

• Adaptations in Color and Contrast
• Adaptations in Illumination
• Adaptations in Space and Arrangement
• Adaptations in Size and Distance
• Examples of Print Sizes
• Low Vision Devices
  • Optical Devices
  • Magnifiers
  • Telescopes
  • Microscopes
  • Field Utilization Aids
  • Other Optical Devices
• Nonoptical Devices
  • Closed Circuit Televisions (CCTVs)
  • Computer Access
  • Evaluating for Technology Needs
  • Other Nonoptical Devices
• Adaptations to Visual Cues
• Adapting the Materials
• Modifying the Immediate Workspace
• Modifying the Larger Environment
• Guidelines When Planning Adaptations
• Identifying the Least Restrictive Adaptation
• Adaptations for Students Who Also Have Cognitive Impairments
• Adaptations for Students Who Also Have Learning Disabilities
• Additional Readings and Resources

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Medical Information Related to Visual Impairment

• The Anatomy of the Eye
• How the Eye Works
• Normal Vision Development
• Outline of Visual Abilities
  • Eye Conditions
  • Genetic Conditions
  • Syndromes Which Impact Eye Conditions
  • Specific Eye Conditions and Diseases With Corresponding Adaptations
  • Chart
  • Other Conditions That Could Have Implications for the Eye
  • Eye Medications and Their Effects
  • Other Medications Which May Influence Eye Conditions
• Additional Readings and Resources
  • Information About the Eye
  • Developmental Sequence of Vision
  • Eye Conditions

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Physical Conditions, the Sensory Systems, and How They Affect Visual Performance

• Changes in Muscle Tone
  • Low Muscle Tone
  • Increased Muscle Tone
  • Fluctuating Muscle Tone
• Movement Disorders
  • Athetosis
  • Spasticity
  • Ataxia
• Reflex Activity Affecting Posture
  • Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)
  • Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)
• Postural Control
  • Poor Balance
  • Poor Ocular-Motor Control
  • Poor Head Control
  • Poor Sitting Posture
  • Muscle Weakness
• The Sensory Systems
• Perception and the Integration of Vision with Other Forms of Sensory Input
• How Perception Integrates Sensory Input
• Impairment of the Tactile System
• Impaired Proprioceptive Functioning
• Inability to Fully Utilize Vestibular Sensation
• Difficulty with Depth Perception
• Difficulty with Form Perception
• Difficulty Perceiving the Relative Position in Space
• Additional Readings and Resources

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Psychosocial Implications of Visual Impairment

• Personal Factors Which Affect Psychosocial Functioning
• Social Factors Which Affect Psychosocial Functioning
• The Students' Identity as a Person Who is Visually Impaired
• Programming for the Issues Related to Social Skills
• Positive Steps for Building Self-Esteem
• Additional Readings and Resources
• State of Texas Interagency Eye Examination Report (Master for Duplication)
• Observations for the Functional Vision Evaluation (Master for Duplication)
• Functional Vision Evaluation Report (Sample)
• Instruments for Assessing Low Vision

Glossary

References

Index

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Last Revision: May 27, 2008